Journal Records

For centuries, the ancient city of Istakhr (also spelled Estakhr, Stakhr, or Istakhar) stood as one of the most influential political, religious, and cultural centers of Persia. Although overshadowed today by the nearby ruins of Persepolis, Istakhr played a remarkable role in preserving Persian identity during some of the most turbulent periods of Persian history.

Youth constitute one of the most valuable human resources of any nation, serving as the foundation for future scientific, cultural, economic, and social progress. When young people become involved in violent street confrontations, particularly in highly polarized political environments, the consequences extend far beyond immediate casualties and property damage. Such events can result in the irreversible loss of human capital, deepen societal divisions, weaken civil institutions, and delay national reconstruction and development.

The illicit trafficking of ancient objects is one of the most serious threats to the preservation of cultural heritage worldwide. Archaeological artifacts are not merely valuable commodities; they are irreplaceable historical records that embody the identity, traditions, and collective memory of civilizations. The illegal excavation, smuggling, and commercial trade of antiquities result in irreversible losses to scientific research, cultural continuity, and national heritage.

Iran's Generation Z, generally defined as individuals born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, has emerged as an influential social and political generation. Their aspirations have become increasingly visible through social movements, digital activism, and cultural expression. While the diversity of this generation makes broad generalizations difficult, survey data, academic research, and analyses of recent protest movements indicate recurring themes such as individual freedom, social pluralism, gender equality, secular governance, economic opportunity, and global engagement. These aspirations differ substantially from the ideology of the Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK), an Iranian opposition organization founded in the 1960s

Firooz Bahram High School is among the oldest continuously operating secondary schools in Tehran and represents one of the most significant educational institutions established by Iran's Zoroastrian community during the early Pahlavi era. Founded in 1932 through the philanthropy of the Indian Parsi benefactor Bahramji Bikaji, the school embodies the intersection of minority philanthropy, educational modernization, Persian architectural revival, and nation-building in twentieth-century Iran.

The American automotive industry has played a pivotal role in shaping global transportation and manufacturing for more than a century. Among its most prestigious luxury automobile manufacturers, Lincoln and Cadillac have emerged as enduring symbols of engineering excellence, innovation, and premium craftsmanship. Although both companies operate within the luxury vehicle segment, each has developed a distinct corporate philosophy, design language, and technological identity. This article reviews the historical evolution, engineering achievements, product development, technological innovations, market positioning, and future prospects of Lincoln and Cadillac, highlighting their contributions to the global luxury automotive industry.

Indo-Persian culture is the product of more than two millennia of interaction between the Iranian plateau and the Indian subcontinent. While medieval Persianate civilization is often associated with Islamic dynasties, the foundations of Indo-Iranian cultural exchange predate Islam by many centuries. Commercial contacts during the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods fostered the movement of merchants, artisans, priests, and intellectuals across the Arabian Sea and Central Asian trade routes. Following the Arab conquest of the Sasanian Empire in the seventh century, groups of Zoroastrians migrated from Iran to western India, where they established communities that became known as the Parsis.

Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the sixteenth President of the United States, is widely regarded as one of the most influential political leaders in modern history. His presidency coincided with the American Civil War, the nation's greatest constitutional and political crisis. Lincoln's leadership preserved the Union, guided the abolition of slavery, and transformed the role of the federal government. This article examines Lincoln's early life, political career, presidency, leadership during the Civil War, and enduring legacy within American history.

Pasargadae is more than an archaeological site—it is the birthplace of the Persian Empire and a symbol of one of history's greatest civilizations. Nestled in the fertile plains of southern Iran, this ancient city represents the vision of a ruler whose influence reached from Central Asia to the Mediterranean. Founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE, Pasargadae became the first capital of the Achaemenid Empire and remains one of the world's most significant cultural heritage sites.

Contemporary discussions regarding Iran’s future often involve competing visions of national development, cultural identity, and geopolitical strategy. Among some segments of Iranian society, there is an aspiration to restore Iran’s historical prominence, drawing inspiration from the achievements of the ancient Achaemenid Empire.